The findings of the study indicated that the patriarchal ideology, negative social attitudes and gender-based and sexual violence were the main sociocultural barriers facing women miners in Morogoro and Manyara. However, the women miners in Morogoro reported higher mean values than their counterparts from Manyara in the areas of negative social and cultural norms and the risk of being exposed to gender-based and sexual violence. Moreover, the majority of women miners do not have access to land and mineral rights. The study recommends that policy actions be taken to ensure that women miners have access to and control land on which to undertake mining activities, and that they are protected from sexual and gender-based violence.
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